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jusqu'à douze sous-espèces, dont la majorité est originaire d'Afrique. Le lion d'Asie est la seule sous-espèce présente en Asie.",[137],{"__typename":138,"title":116,"url":139},"breadcrumbs","\u002Ffr\u002Flion-d-asie",[],{"__typename":142,"abbreviation":143},"Term_ConservationStatus_ConservationStatus","EN","\u003Cp>D'après les sources historiques, l'aire de répartition du lion d'Asie s'étendait, il y a environ 2 000 ans, du sud-est de l'Europe, y compris la Bulgarie et la Grèce, jusqu'en Inde. Aujourd'hui, son habitat se limite toutefois au parc national de Gir, dans l'État indien du Gujarat.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>En 1913, le lion d'Asie était au bord de l'extinction, avec une population estimée à seulement 20 individus. C'est le souverain du Gujarat de l'époque, lui-même chasseur passionné de gros gibier, qui a placé sous sa protection les populations de lions restantes de la forêt de Gir. En 1955, l'Inde a promulgué une interdiction nationale de la chasse, et en 1965, une réserve d'une superficie de 1 412 kilomètres carrés a été créée dans la forêt de Gir.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Les mesures de conservation ont entraîné une augmentation de la population, qui a entre-temps dépassé les 500 individus. Cette croissance a toutefois conduit à une surpopulation au sein de la zone protégée, dont la superficie est limitée, ce qui a poussé les lions à étendre leur habitat au-delà des limites de la réserve. Dans ces zones, des conflits entre l'homme et la faune sauvage surviennent régulièrement. Afin de remédier à ce problème, le Zoo de Zurich a soutenu pendant plusieurs années un projet visant à créer une deuxième zone protégée en Inde pour y transférer les lions.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>D'un point de vue physique, les lions d'Asie se distinguent de leurs congénères africains. Ils sont en moyenne plus petits et présentent un pli cutané caractéristique, orienté longitudinalement, au niveau du ventre, qui n'existe pas chez les lions d'Afrique. De plus, les lions d'Asie mâles possèdent une crinière moins fournie, avec des poils plus courts. Les structures crâniennes des deux sous-espèces présentent également des différences minimes mais mesurables, qui servent notamment à établir leur distinction taxonomique.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Le lion d'Asie est un exemple marquant du succès des mesures de conservation des espèces. 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